Abstract
A complete building model reconstruction needs data collected from both air and ground. The former often has sparse coverage on building façades, while the latter usually is unable to observe the building rooftops. Attempting to solve the missing data issues in building reconstruction from single data source, we describe an approach for complete building reconstruction that integrates airborne LiDAR data and ground smartphone imagery. First, by taking advantages of GPS and digital compass information embedded in the image metadata of smartphones, we are able to find airborne LiDAR point clouds for the corresponding buildings in the images. In the next step, Structure-from-Motion and dense multi-view stereo algorithms are applied to generate building point cloud from multiple ground images. The third step extracts building outlines respectively from the LiDAR point cloud and the ground image point cloud. An automated correspondence between these two sets of building outlines allows us to achieve a precise registration and combination of the two point clouds, which ultimately results in a complete and full resolution building model. The developed approach overcomes the problem of sparse points on building façades in airborne LiDAR and the deficiency of rooftops in ground images such that the merits of both datasets are utilized.
Highlights
Building reconstruction is a popular topic actively discussed in the research community (Brenner, 2005; Tack et al, 2012; Vosselman, 1999; Vosselman and Dijkman, 2001) and in industry (Terrasolid, Smart3D Capture)
This paper presents a solution to complete building reconstruction of both rooftops and façades by combining airborne LiDAR point clouds and ground image point clouds generated from smartphone images
A total of 582 smartphone images having GPS coordinate and digital compass data are captured in the test area
Summary
Building reconstruction is a popular topic actively discussed in the research community (Brenner, 2005; Tack et al, 2012; Vosselman, 1999; Vosselman and Dijkman, 2001) and in industry (Terrasolid, Smart3D Capture). Building rooftops extracted from airborne LiDAR point clouds are meeting the needs of more urban applications (Chen et al, 2012; Galvanin and Poz, 2012; Mongus et al, 2014), façade reconstruction remains to be a problem due to its sparse coverage or even complete occlusion. This paper presents a solution to complete building reconstruction of both rooftops and façades by combining airborne LiDAR point clouds and ground image point clouds generated from smartphone images. LiDAR point cloud corresponding to the target building captured in the image set is found by using the GPS and compass info in the metadata. The two point clouds, one from airborne LiDAR data and one from ground smartphone images, are registered and combined based on the target building outline points visible to both data sets. A number of tests demonstrate that this approach can achieve a satisfactory reconstruction of building models with finer detail and higher completeness than using one dataset alone
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