Abstract
This paper is an overview of some of the main issues in photovoltaic based distributed generation (PVDG). A discussion of the harmonic distortion produced by PVDG units is presented. The maximum permissible penetration level of PVDG in distribution system is also considered. The general procedures of optimal planning for PVDG placement and sizing are also explained in this paper. The result of this review shows that there are different challenges for integrating PVDG in the power systems. One of these challenges is integrated system reliability whereas the amount of power produced by renewable energy source is consistent. Thus, the high penetration of PVDG into grid can decrease the reliability of the power system network. On the other hand, power quality is considered one of the challenges of PVDG whereas the high penetration of PVDGs can lead to more harmonic propagation into the power system network. In addition to that, voltage fluctuation of the integrated PVDG and reverse power flow are two important challenges to this technology. Finally, protection of power system with integrated PVDG is one of the most critical challenges to this technology as the current protection schemes are designed for unidirectional not bidirectional power flow pattern.
Highlights
The growing power demand has increased electrical energy production almost to its capacity limit
The introduction of photovoltaic based distributed generation units in the distribution system may lead to several benefits such as voltage support, improved power quality, loss reduction, deferment of new or upgraded transmission and distribution infrastructure, and improved utility system reliability [2]
photovoltaic based distributed generation (PVDG) is a grid-connected generation located near consumers regardless of its power capacity [3], is an alternative way to support power demand and overcome congested transmission lines
Summary
The growing power demand has increased electrical energy production almost to its capacity limit. Harmonic distortion is caused by nonlinearity of equipment such as transformer and rotating machines [7] These harmonic currents may create greater losses in the loads which consecutively require derating of the load, overheating of neutral conductor, overheating of transformer, and malfunction of protective devices [8]. Another power quality problem arises at the interface between PVDG inverters and the grid is harmonic resonance phenomenon. The installation of PVDG units at nonoptimal locations and with nonoptimal sizes may cause higher power loss, voltage fluctuation problem, system instability, and amplification of operational cost [10]
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