Integrating Non-Technological and Technological Peripheral Biofeedback in Counseling

Abstract

Neurocounseling, the integration of neurobiology into the practice of counseling, is gaining attention and empirical support within the counseling field. Clients and clinical mental health counselors appear eager for effective mind–body tools that are accessible during, between, and beyond sessions. Peripheral biofeedback encompasses a host of such interventions, including technological (e.g., heart rate variability feedback) and non-technological (e.g., observation) approaches. Non-technological approaches are cost-effective tools that can enhance the efficacy of other counseling approaches and may serve to improve client outcomes. Integrating non-technological and technological peripheral biofeedback is a promising direction for clinical practice. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the key components of the stress-response system, the neurobiology of breath and self-regulation, and the related elements of peripheral biofeedback. The authors describe a case example, identify gaps in the knowledge base, and explore the implications for clinical practice and research.