Integrating Metastasectomy in the Management of Advanced Urological Malignancies—Where are we in 2005?

Abstract

In the past patients with metastatic cancer were considered incurable and they were not candidates for surgical management of metastases. However, experience with testicular cancer has shown that metastasectomy can often be the final, critical step in achieving disease-free status. We summarized the most current data on metastasectomy for advanced urological malignancies. We performed an extensive review of the literature from 1990 to the present using MEDLINE. Only original reports were included with an emphasis on specific malignancies and specific sites of metastasis. There is increasing evidence that patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and bladder carcinoma can be cured by surgical resection of metastases, usually combined with systemic therapy. The ideal patient has responded to systemic therapy and has few metastatic sites. Metastasectomy should frequently be done in patients with advanced testicular cancer and it should increasingly be considered in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma or bladder carcinoma. This technique may be used for cure and palliation. Specific patient factors determine the likelihood and degree of potential benefit.