Abstract
It is very important to develop an optimum land use pattern, in accord with ecological and economic constraints. However, studies indicate capability of linear programming to optimize allocation problems, land use planning is dealing with handling spatial information, and Linear Programming has not been developed for. To handle spatial Data leads to use Geographical Information Systems. Study area is about 28000 ha of Keleibar- Chai Watershed, located in eastern Azerbaijan, Iran. Socio-economic information collected through a two-stage survey of 19 villages, including 300 samples. Thematic maps also have summarized Ecological factors, including physical and economic data. A comprehensive Linear Programming model established, including 106 variables and 43 ecological-socio-economic constraints. Land capability and suitability evaluation accomplished using ecological factors and Comparative Advantages of the uses and the factors, respectively. Analytical Hierarchical Process followed to determine the Comparative Advantages. The allocation process employs a Multi-Criteria Evaluation and a Multi-Objective Land Allocation procedure. Hereby, Linear Programming optimum pattern entered in the process. IDRISIW2.008 Raster-GIS used for doing the spatial analysis. So, 5192, 1019, 94 and 9354 ha of rain-fed barley, walnut orchard, park and rangeland assessed and allocated in the pattern respectively. The model is easily retrievable; however, plenty of data is required. Integrating a non-linear model into GIS is also recommended.
Highlights
It is essential to control the emission of phosphates from discharge of wastewater and reducing phosphorus concentrations to the lowest possible level is vital to the maintenance of unpolluted water supplies
The phosphate reducers screened from the different sample source were given symbols based on the source of isolation; Kodaikanal Lake Water- KLW, Yercaud Lake Water – YLW
The cell concentration of each strain was adjusted to an optical density at 600 nm (OD 600) of 0.1 and used as inoculum
Summary
It is essential to control the emission of phosphates from discharge of wastewater and reducing phosphorus concentrations to the lowest possible level is vital to the maintenance of unpolluted water supplies. Biotreatment is a cost-effective method for wastewater before being discharged into the streams and rivers. Microbial strategies for the removal of environmental pollutants from waste streams or contaminated sites can provide an attractive alternative to traditional methods such as incineration or disposal in landfills. Phosphates are biologically removed by wastewater treatment facilities by absorption of dissolved orthophosphate, polyphosphate and organic phosphate by living microorganisms, such as bacteria, microalgae, yeast, protozoa, fungi, and macrophytes. The objective of the present study was to examine the efficiency of individual bacterial species isolated from eutrophic lake water for the removal of phosphate from wastewater
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