Integrating Health Behavior Theories to Predict Intention to Get a COVID-19 Vaccine

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccines are put forward as the most promising solution for combatting the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 by using the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework. A self-administered questionnaire was considered among Vietnamese adult patients between March and May 2021. The dependent variable was a COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, the hierarchical multivariable regression was done to assess the fit of the predictor model and the associations of variables. A total of 462 participants completed the questionnaire, with 80.5% vaccination intention. A model containing demographics, as well as HBM and TPB variables, demonstrated to be a predictor of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, interpreting 39% of the variance (adjusted R2 = 0.39). For HBM and TPB constructs, respondents were more likely to accept vaccination if they had higher level of cues to action, self-efficacy, and a lower level of the perceived barriers (all P < .001). The theoretical framework provided a predictor of intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, which is important for elaborating intervention plans to ensure the success of conducting mass vaccination campaigns.