Abstract
Oil seepage is one of the most important characteristics of hydrocarbon formation, and understanding oil seepage is crucial for oil-gas exploration and the assessment of petroleum resources. Remote sensing and geochemical methods have the same material and theoretical bases for extracting oil and gas information from underlying strata and the identification of media features. As an emerging exploration method, hyperspectral remote sensing is efficient compared with traditional geochemistry because it is a finer, and sometimes more directly quantitative method for determining the specific mineral anomaly content. Hence, the use of both methods together is important. This paper describes the analysis of hyperspectral remote sensing data and the extraction of abnormal index information, including the level of carbonate alteration and the content of acidolytical hydrocarbons, pyrolysis hydrocarbons, headspace gas, and ferric and ferrous ions. The two methods have mutual authentication, and they are complementary and are useful in oil-bearing areas. When these methods are integrated, the acidolytical hydrocarbon index is the most effective geochemical index and is better at characterizing the oil field distribution than other indices. Also, hydrocarbon geochemical anomalies occurring in oil fields generally show continuous distribution points and are consistent with oil reservoirs. Consequently, a 3D model was established to comprehensively utilize hyperspectral remote sensing and geochemical data to determine the distribution of petroleum reservoirs efficiently as well as to delineate oil- and gas-bearing prospects. There is great potential for determining oil- and gas-bearing fields through the integration of hyperspectral and geochemical data.
Highlights
Oil and gas traps are not completely sealed, so their accumulation will cause a release of some of the oil and gas to the surface
The main research findings are as follows: (1) Hyperspectral remote sensing anomaly extracting technology was established for petroleum geology and surface conditions through the collection of abnormal information of carbonate alteration, hydrocarbons, and ironbearing minerals to ascertain abnormal prospective areas accurately
The results demonstrated that the acidolytical hydrocarbon index is the most effective geochemical index, with a better correspondence with the oil field distribution compared with the headspace and carbonate alteration indices
Summary
Oil and gas traps are not completely sealed, so their accumulation will cause a release of some of the oil and gas to the surface. A large amount of remote sensing data is required to interpret and analyze the micro-percolation, alteration, and geological basin structures, such as regional structures, strata, and tectonic belts, of oil-bearing areas (Jiang et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2015). Hyperspectral remote sensing exploration technology is based on reflectance spectrometry and oil and gas percolation theory, and is a straightforward approach to detecting oil and gas reservoirs. Ni et al used hyperspectral data to classify the natural gas alteration anomalies in an area of China and effectively extracted regional surface gas alteration characteristics with feature extraction based on the principal component analysis (PCA) wavelet method (Xu et al, 2007; Ni et al, 2007). We fully excavate the information of hydrocarbon information indicated by hydrocarbons under different surface occurrences, verify the hyperspectral anomalies, and provide detailed geochemical data for further air and ground integrated oil and gas exploration
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