Abstract
This study analyses the integration of electric vehicles (EV) into the German power grid including different demand side management (DSM) approaches from a technical, economical and user perspective. For this an overview of the future German electricity market with the focus on EV integration is given. It is shown that for conservative EV penetration rates the effect on the electricity generation is marginal while the shortage in the regional and local electricity grid could be already significant. DSM in combination with smart grids can help to tackle this issue by controlled charging of EVs. One simple concept is to postpone the charging process by offering incentives to vehicle users e. g. with dynamic electricity tariffs. The common Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff defines in advance a dynamic tariff scheme according to the load forecast for the following days. This allows to release the local electricity grid and to increase the share of renewable energies: In times of high electricity generation by renewable energies and low electricity demand the price is low and vice versa. The impact of these dynamic tariffs on the charging process of EVs is shown in a techno-economic analysis for an exemplary urban high voltage grid by an optimising energy model. These strong impacts are however somewhat reduced by the acceptance and the low profits for the single user. At least for the users in a German field trial, environmental aspects played a major role in influencing the charging behaviour – this gives still hope for the future.
Highlights
In order to avoid the risks of global warming the world society decided to decrease its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and launched the Kyoto Protocol
Concluding, the paper gives an overview of the future German electricity market with the focus on electric vehicles (EV) integration
It is shown that the impact on the regional power grid and the electricity system is remarkable, even though the influences in the transmission grid and in generation are low for reliable EV penetration rates
Summary
In order to avoid the risks of global warming the world society decided to decrease its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and launched the Kyoto Protocol. The sector specific development of global GHG emission composition in recent decades shows, that the transport sector with its increasing CO2 emissions is going to assume a leading role within global GHG emissions. In developed countries it is often the sole sector that is still increasing its GHG emissions ([2], for the European Union) One solution for this challenge is seen in the electrification of vehicles, assuming an adequate. The following chapter deals with the current status of research concerning the acceptance of controlled charging of EV as part of DSM. This leads to the concluding statement whether controlled charging can help to overcome some challenges within the German electricity grid
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
