Integrating cine EPID, dynamic delivery, and the off-axis Winston-Lutz test to enhance quality control in multiple brain metastasis stereotactic radiotherapy

Abstract

PurposeStereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has transformed cancer treatment, especially for brain metastases. Ensuring accurate SRT delivery is crucial, with the Winston-Lutz test being an important quality control tool. Off-axis Winston-Lutz (OAWL) tests are designed for accuracy assessment, but most are limited to fixed angles and hampered by local-field shifts caused by suboptimal Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) positioning. This study introduces a new OAWL approach for quality control in multi-brain-metastasis SRT. Utilizing cine Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) images, it can be used with dynamic conformal arc (DCA) therapy. However, dynamic OAWL (DOAWL) is prone to more local-field shifts due to dynamic MLC movements. A two-step DOAWL is proposed: step 1 calculates local-field shifts using dynamic MLC movements in the beam-eye view data from the Treatment Planning System (TPS), while step 2 processes cine EPID images with an OAWL algorithm to isolate true deviations. MethodsValidation involved an anthropomorphic head phantom with metallic ball-bearings, Varian TrueBeam STx accelerator delivering six coplanar/non-coplanar DCA beams, cine EPID, and ImageJ's OAWL analysis algorithm. ResultsInherent local-field shifts ranged from 0.11 to 0.49 mm; corrected mean/max EPID-measured displacement was 0.34/1.03 mm. Few points exceeded 0.75/1.0-mm thresholds. ConclusionsThis two-step DOAWL test merges cine-EPID acquisitions, DCA, OAWL, and advanced analysis and offers effective quality control for multi-brain-metastasis SRT. Its routine implementation may also improve physicist knowledge of the treatment precision of their machines.