Abstract
Archaeologists have aspired to a seamless integration of terrestrial and marine survey since maritime archaeology began to emerge as a distinct sub-discipline. This chapter will review and discuss how 3D technology is changing the way that archaeologists work, blurring the boundaries between different technologies and different environments. Special attention is paid to the integration of data obtained from aerial and underwater methods. Maritime archaeology is undergoing an explosion of site recording methods and techniques which improve survey, excavation and interpretation, as well as management and conservation of material culture, protected sites, and cultural landscapes. An appraisal of methods and interpretive tools is therefore necessary as well as a consideration of how theoretical concepts of maritime landscapes are finding new expressions in practice. A thematic focus is placed on integrating land and sea through case studies of maritime archaeological sites and material which range chronologically from the recent past to several thousand years before present.
Highlights
The discipline of archaeology is currently undergoing a step- change in site recording methods and techniques that have improved and enhanced scientific archaeological survey, excavation and interpretation
While maritime archaeology projects have employed a wide array of survey techniques, dissemination has typically been presented sequentially in archaeological reports, or perhaps overlaid in a 2D format
We examine how boundaries between archaeology and environments are blurred and interpreted through emerging technology and how this allows theoretical concepts in maritime archaeology to find practical expression, the concept of the Maritime Cultural Landscape (Westerdahl 1992)
Summary
The discipline of archaeology is currently undergoing a step- change in site recording methods and techniques that have improved and enhanced scientific archaeological survey, excavation and interpretation. The rising ubiquity of drones or UAVs has facilitated capture of data for 3D models of entire landscapes on spatial scales accessible to such aerial platforms This is discussed in more detail below, but regardless of which driver, it is clear that maritime archaeologists are increasingly reliant on singleenvironment multi-source spatial workflows. Photogrammetry, which can operate at a variety of scales from the smallest artefact to the various larger scales that can be defined as a ‘landscape’ (e.g. local, area, regional, etc.), lends itself to a multi-scalar survey approach (Olson et al 2013) Alongside these benefits, the changing practice in maritime archaeology means that theoretical issues surrounding use of digital technologies must be considered. This chapter will show how this gap can be bridged, integrating the aerial and underwater datasets through increasingly complex case studies that range from a simple intertidal survey, to a fully integrated maritime landscape above and below the waterline
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