Abstract
This study was developed a novel nanostructured membrane by electrospinning process, from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) modify by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers containing silver nitrite (AgNO3), to be used as a filter in an integrated wastewater dam treatment process to reuse it as drinking water. Different formulations (108 samples) were electrospun from PAN and (0, 5, 10 w%) HPMC and (0, 0.5, 1 w%) solutions to selected a more efficient formulation in water disinfection and higher hydrophilic character of the membrane to flow performance in the wastewater treatment. The PAN and HPMC phases in membranes were characterize by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The nanostructured membranes were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy and the fibers had a diameter between 251 ± 58 and 306 ± 49 nm. The presence of HPMC and AgNO3 in membrane formulation endows superhydrophilicity and permeability increase which up to 21,151 ± 445 L⋅m−2 Permeability h−1. After filtration process with PAN/HPMC/AgNO3, all the tested water potability indexes were achieved. The primary treatment, using quaternized chitosan reduced the turbidity parameter from 19,000 Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) to 14 NTU, and after filtration with nanostructured membrane, to levels was below 1 NTU and pathogenic potential removed (Total Coliform and Escherichia coli). The results of this study indicated that the hydrophilic nanostructured membranes PAN/10% HPMC/1% AgNO3 have adequate properties to potential wastewater treatment mining for reuse. It’s give a sustainable strategy for managing wastewater which should be reduce the volume of water in the tailing’s dams and contributes to increasing the stability of dams and reducing risks with catastrophic environmental impact.
Highlights
Due to its high potential of environmental impacts and the repeated accidents of major proportions, the mining sector, in Brazil and worldwide, increasingly lives with socio-environmental conflicts
This study was developed a novel nanostructured membrane by electrospinning process, from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) modify by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers containing AgNO3, to be used as a filter in an integrated wastewater dam treatment process to reuse it as drinking water
The results of this study indicated that the hydrophilic nanostructured membranes PAN/10%HPMC/1%AgNO3 have adequate properties to potential wastewater treatment mining for reuse
Summary
Due to its high potential of environmental impacts and the repeated accidents of major proportions, the mining sector, in Brazil and worldwide, increasingly lives with socio-environmental conflicts. Dam failure has always been treated as a low-probability event, even though it displays potentially catastrophic effects. In the last 20 years the number of tailings dam ruptures has doubled worldwide [1]. Accidents such as the Gold and Copper tailings dam at Mount Polley in Canada in 2014 and the tailings dam at Xinta Mining Company, Shanxi, China in 2008, produced a huge spill of contaminated mud in Canada and the loss of approximately 277 people in China. Samarco's accident in 2015 with 19 deaths and the release of 60 million m3 of tailings that contaminated 650 km of river until reaching the Atlantic Ocean, and Mineradora Vale's accident in the city of Brumadinho in 2019 with 275 deaths and 31 million m3 of tailings released [2, 3, 4]
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