Abstract

Goose meat is rich in amino acids with unique taste and aroma traits that are targeted by housing and feeding systems. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of in-house feeding (IHF) and artificial pasture grazing (AGF) systems on nutrient composition, flavor, and taste of thigh muscles of goose. The proximate analysis showed that, compared to IHF group, AGF group contained significantly higher contents of moisture and crude protein than ash and intramuscular fat. The findings of transcriptome analysis revealed that 139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displayed differential expression (102 genes downregulated and 37 genes upregulated), and only 13 DEGs were involved in fatty acid metabolic process, protein binding, and calcium ion binding. Together, 79 and 16 significantly differential metabolites (SDMs) were identified through LC-MS/MS and GC-TOF-MS, respectively. Furthermore, we performed KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs and related them with enriched signaling pathways attained from SDMs. Collectively, we detected 4 common KEGG pathways involved in the development of flavor and taste in AGF geese, namely sphingolipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. In these pathways, the upregulated uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase 8 (UGT8), glycine amidinotransferase (GATM), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and downregulated ceramide synthase 6 (CERS6) genes may regulate the synthesis of metabolites including l-serine, phosphatidylethanolamine, l-arginine, l-glutamate, lysyl-proline, d-ornithine, putrescine, and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid 2 in pasture-fed group. These genes and metabolites may play a key role in regulating protein accumulation, IMF deposition, meat flavor, and taste development in pasture-fed group.

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