Integrated System Technology of POME Treatment for Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production in Malaysia

Bidattul Syirat Zainal,Mahmoud Danaee,Mohd Azwan Ahmad,Shaliza Ibrahim,Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd,Nashrah Jamadon

doi:10.3390/app10030951

Bidattul Syirat Zainal, Mahmoud Danaee + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030951

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Abstract

In recent years, production of biohydrogen and biomethane (or a mixture of these; biohythane) from organic wastes using two-stage bioreactor have been implemented by developing countries such as Germany, USA and the United Kingdom using the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In Thailand, biohythane production in a two-stage process has been widely studied. However, in Malaysia, treating organic and agricultural wastes using an integrated system of dark fermentation (DF) coupled with anaerobic digestion (AD) is scarce. For instance, in most oil palm mills, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is treated using a conventional open-ponding system or closed-digester tank for biogas capture. This paper reviewed relevant literature studies on treating POME and other organic wastes using integrated bioreactor implementing DF and/or AD process for biohydrogen and/or biomethane production. Although the number of papers that have been published in this area is increasing, a further review is needed to reveal current technology used and its benefits, especially in Malaysia, since Malaysia is the second-largest oil palm producer in the world.

Highlights

Strategies to produce renewable energy from organic waste have become a high priority topic in any energy, bioconversion, bioresource and sustainability conferences in the world
The sole purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and how an integrated system could turn POME into valuable end products
Several researchers reported higher efficiency in energy recovery using an integrated system as compared to a single-stage process, as well as increased process stability [59]. These findings showed that an integrated system using a two-stage bioreactor is better in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, stability and gives a significant impact on biogas production and yield, in comparison to a single-stage reactor

Summary

Introduction

Strategies to produce renewable energy from organic waste have become a high priority topic in any energy, bioconversion, bioresource and sustainability conferences in the world. Conversion of organic and inorganic wastes into useful and valuable end products like biohydrogen, biomethane and bio alcohols are increasingly studied each year as many nations progressively working towards sustainable world development. This is because biohydrogen gas is a clean energy alternative and it acts as a good source of fuel to apply in fuel cells for electricity generation. Biomethane, another clean energy alternative for electricity and transportation, is produced from the anaerobic digestion process.

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