Abstract
This paper proposes an integrated system for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs) with universal interface to the power grid. In the proposed system, the power electronics converters comprising the traction drive system are also used for the battery charging system, reducing the required hardware, meaning the integrated characteristic of the system. Besides, this interface is universal, since it can be performed with the three main types of power grids, namely: (1) Single-phase AC power grids; (2) Three-phase AC power grids; (3) DC power grids. In these three types of interfaces with the power grid, as well as in the traction drive operation mode, bidirectional operation is possible, framing the integration of this system into an EV in the context of smart grids. Moreover, the proposed system endows an EV with an on-board fast battery charger, whose operation allows either fast or slow battery charging. The main contributes of the proposed system are detailed in the paper, and simulation results are presented in order to attain the feasibility of the proposed system.
Highlights
Besides performing the normal battery charging operation, which should be performed in a rationalized manner to avoid power grid congestion [3]-[8], an electric vehicles (EVs) can be employed to deliver energy to the power grid, performing support functionalities, which can be accomplished with a bidirectional battery charger, either on-board or off-board [9]
EVs in a context of smart grids can be found in the literature, such as: vehicle-to-home (V2H), where the EV battery charger operates as an isolated voltage source; home-to-vehicle (H2V), where the EV battery charger adapts its charging current in order to level the current consumed in the home where it is plugged-in; and vehicle-for-grid (V4G), where the EV battery charger operates as an active power conditioner, producing reactive power and/or harmonic currents in order to maintain high levels of power quality from the home point of view [10]-[14]
The traction drive operation mode comprises bidirectional operation, i.e., the system is able to perform regenerative braking when the EV motor acts as a generator, returning the generated energy back to the batteries
Summary
Electrical energy is an essential asset for the well-being of the present modern society, whose consumption has been increasing from decade to decade. Besides the battery charging operation, any EV must perform a traction operation in order to control its electric motor speed or torque Since both consist of bidirectional AC-DC and DC-DC power electronics converters, these two systems can be combined into a single set of power electronics converters, establishing an integrated system for traction and battery charging [17]-[19]. The proposed approaches are limited in terms of operating modes and their interface is restricted to a single type of power grid Taking into account these limitations, this paper proposes an integrated system for traction and battery charging of EVs with a universal interface with the power grid, which means that the battery charging operation can be accomplished with the connection to the three main types of power grids, namely: (1) Single-phase AC power grids; (2) Three-phase AC power grids; (3) DC power grids.
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