Abstract
Abstract. Between 1839 and 1849, the architect Gaetano Cima built a very interesting neoclassical church with a central plan, covered by a dome about 20 meters in diameter in Guasila (in the province of Cagliari, Italy). Already during the construction, Cima highlighted a series of problems related to the quality of the materials used, the technical skills of the builders, and the cost-cutting measures taken during construction, which proved to be the cause of the deterioration that characterised the life of the building and the numerous restorations works that have occurred over time. Faced with this situation, the Municipality of Guasila has commissioned a group of researchers from the DICAAR (Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering) of the University of Cagliari to carry out a multidisciplinary study aimed at defining in a complete and exhaustive way the state of conservation of the church. Overall, this study concerned historical-critical analysis, geometric-architectural survey, structural survey and analysis, analysis of materials and the study of foundations involving architectural historians, geomatics, structuralists, petrographers and geophysicists.In detail, this paper presents the integrated results obtained from archival research on the restoration works, the close range photogrammetric (CRP) and minero-petrographic surveys performed for implementing the knowledge of the painted dome of this basilic, characterised by several static problems since its construction. The support of the three fields of research has allowed not only to define an in-depth level of information concerning the origins of the issues in terms of geometries, materials and building techniques for the design of future interventions of conservation of the structures, but also to define potentialities and accuracy of this interoperable approach in the study of other similar case studies.
Highlights
The whole architectural heritage constituted by historical monumental buildings such as churches and residential palaces represent a collective memory of the past, identity symbols for the society and attractions for tourists
In low-cost Close Range Photogrammetric (CRP) system the images were processed with open source software using the “Structure from Motion” approach: VisualSfM, developed by Chanchang Wu in collaboration with the University of Washington and Google, and Regard 3D
More in detail, in the survey we tested a CRP system composed of two digital camera and two OS software and one commercial based with the Structure from Motion approach (SfM) approach with the aim to assess the accuracy and functionality of an open source software and compare it to those already extensively tested by Photoscan, as well as to the 3D model coming from a TLS survey
Summary
The whole architectural heritage constituted by historical monumental buildings such as churches and residential palaces represent a collective memory of the past, identity symbols for the society and attractions for tourists. The main goal, is to identify techniques and tools that allow accurate and reliable knowledge of structures in terms of geometry, forms, materials and techniques easy to carry out and not too expensive (Battini et al, 2017; Vacca et al, 2016). The presented protocol has been experimented on the basilic of the Beata Vergine Assunta in Guasila (Sardinia) and in particular on its dome, chosen for its relevant historical and aesthetical values as well as for the complex issues concerning the state of conservation of its structures and painted surfaces that need to be soon restored
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