Integrated protection system against progressive corn diseases

Abstract

A biologized system of integrated protection against pathogens in corn crops is an important feature to reduce pesticide load. The use of new generation chemical fungicides with a low consumption rate and a wide spectrum of action against dominant infections, as well as their manufacturing application, will contribute to the improvement of corn agrocenosis. Due to the predicted, and subsequently planned yield, the phytosanitary situation will help in the development and implementation of effective protective measures to obtain biologically cleaner production of corn grain. Seed disinfection only solves the problem of seed infection. The appearance and harmfulness of boil smut also occurs during the growing season. Therefore, the transmission of primary infection occurs by plant residues and airborne droplets, which suggests the possibility of a systemic fungicide response to effectively contain not only the causative agent of boil smut, but also other types of infectious diseases on vegetative and reproductive bodies of corn. Investigations carried out in 2018-2020 to reduce the harmfulness of blister smut and fusarium head smut showed that seed infections are caused by a pronounced prevalence of diseases of roots, stalks and ears, such as fusarium, boil smut, alternaria, bacterial leaf burn, etc. The resistance degree of cross-breeds to dominant diseases depends on the infection terms, weather and climatic conditions and which corn body is more susceptible to these pathogens. Considering the possibility of infection penetration during the post-emergent period of corn development it is required to use system fungicides with a low consumption rate and prolonged action. In the Kabardino Balkarian Republic, the dominant corn disease is boil smut. It is known that the harmfulness of boil smut is higher with cob forms than with stem, leaf forms of infection, but in 2020 only the cob form of the disease was recorded, the dry and hot weather was the reason for this. In the steppe zone of the Kabardino Balkarian Republic, it is more expedient to use effective fungicides in the developed complex protection of corn crops against progressive harmful bodies.