Abstract
Abstract. The integration of photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) techniques is often desirable for Cultural Heritage digitization, especially when high metric and radiometric accuracy is required, as for the documentation and restoration of frescoed spaces. Despite the many technological and methodological advances in both techniques, their full integration is still not straightforward. The paper investigates a methodology where TLS and photogrammetric data are processed together through an image matching process between RGB panoramas acquired by the scanner’s integrated camera and frame imagery acquired through photographic equipment. The co-registration is performed without any Ground Control Point (GCP) but using the automatically extracted tie points and the known Exterior Orientation parameters of the panoramas (gathered from TLS data original registration) to set the ground reference. The procedure allowed for effective integrated processing with the possibility of take benefit from TLS and photogrammetry pros and demonstrated to be reliable even with low overlap between photogrammetric images.
Highlights
Numerous projects in recent years have shown how increasingly sophisticated surveying techniques and instruments can be a valuable support for Cultural Heritage digitization
Accurate documentation is useful for the elaboration of diagnostic maps, for the study of surfaces that cannot be reached directly by operators, for the simulation of restoration operations in a virtual space, and so on
There are numerous experiences of surveys performed with both methodologies and co-registered, using common Ground Control Points (GCP) or Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithms (Chiabrando et al, 2014; Valente et al, 2019; Bitelli et al, 2020)
Summary
Numerous projects in recent years have shown how increasingly sophisticated surveying techniques and instruments can be a valuable support for Cultural Heritage digitization. The combination of image- and rangebased techniques allows digitization with high metric and radiometric accuracy This is useful in the field of restoration, where accurate documentation is required for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the surfaces state of conservation (Bevilacqua et al, 2016; Patrucco et al, 2020, Gabellone et al, 2020). These two issues are fundamental, for example, in frescoed spaces. 1.7) allow laser scanning data to be imported into the photogrammetric environment converted in spherical images with associated range data and processed simultaneously with images (Agisoft Helpdesk Portal). The methodology was tested on a part of the Monastery of San Paolo in Parma (Italy), where an accurate survey was required to document the state of conservation of the architectural complex and all the frescoes inside
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