Integrated positioning with double-differenced 5G and undifferenced/double-differenced GPS

Abstract

As the demand for hybrid indoor and outdoor positioning has increased, the research trend in positioning technology has shifted to hybrid positioning technology suitable for complex indoor and outdoor environments. High-precision positioning technology combined with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) has many applications in many industries. A double-differenced algorithm applicable to 5G was proposed to solve the impact of the 5G clock synchronization error on the positioning. Double-differenced observations were obtained by introducing reference terminals to eliminate the influence of clock errors on positioning accuracy between terminals and base stations and between base stations and base stations. Then, the dynamic positioning performance of different combined positioning models under different occluded environments was investigated by combining 5G double-differenced observations with undifferenced/double-differenced GPS observations and comparing the positioning results with GPS-only. The results showed that the combined positioning model can achieve more accurate positioning results than a single system in different positioning modes, and the advantages were more evident in the occluded environment. This study provides a reference for hybrid positioning techniques in complex indoor and outdoor environments and promotes further development of seamless indoor and outdoor positioning.