Integrated phytoremediation to investigate cooper remediation in paddy fields via employing garden flowers

Abstract

As a result of the advancement of industries and technologies, the soil in Taiwan has suffered from serious heavy metal pollution at various levels caused by industrial waste substances and/or wastewater. As shown in the 2015 Site Investigation Data collected by the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund Management Board, there were 4,138 lots of farmland, 140 factories, and 22 illegal dumping sites, and 8 other sites were announced as pollution control sites exceeding the heavy metal pollution control standards. Farmland makes up the largest proportion of pollution control sites, and heavy metals are the main pollutant. The main sources of heavy metal pollution include copper, zinc, nickel, and chromium. Cu and Zn accounted the most common heavy metals. The conventional remediation technologies are costly and chemical usage which will damage soil texture. The sustainable and green technology namely phytoremediation can be the antidote. This research employed garden flower Lilium formosanum to discover Cu and Zn tainted soil treatability via using edible chelator γ-PGA (γ-poly-glutamic acid), biodegradable chelator EDDS (Etylenediaminedisuccinic acid), and GA3(Etylenediaminedisuccinic acid). Moreover the transportation mechanisms of heavy metals within plant were also studied. Zn testing group was not successful due to high dosage. With 3 folds of soil control stander, using γ-PGA and spray GA3 achieved the most feasible remediation conditions. Translocation factor, TF, Bioconcentration factor, BCF, Phytoremediation efficiency factor, PEF, were 0.21, 0.73, and, 0.16, respectively. All the test results regarding TF were less than 1 imply translocation from root to aboveground within plants were less significantly.