Abstract
Majority of Pakistani soils are deficient in phosphorus. Phosphorus is usually applied in form of synthetic fertilizer. However integrated use of P from synthetic and organic sources can be more profitable and beneficial on sustainable basis. Field trials were conducted at research farm University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan for two consecutive years to check the comparative effects of synthetic fertilizer and organic manures applied alone and in combinations on the phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), wheat yield and yield components. Shafaq-06 cultivar of wheat was used as test cultivar. Ten treatments were included: (I) Control (P0) without application of fertilizer; (II) SSP @ 60 kg/ha (P60SSP); (III) SSP @ 90 kg/ha (P90SSP); (IV) SSP @ 120 kg/ha (P120SSP); (V) PM @60 kg/ha (P60PM); (VI) PM @90 kg/ha (P90PM); (VII) PM @120 kg/ha (P120PM); (VIII) SSP @30 kg/ha + PM @30 kg/ha (P30SSP+30PM); (IX) SSP @45 kg/ha + PM @45 kg/ha (P45SSP+45PM); (X) SSP @60 kg/ha + PM @60 kg/ha (P60SSP+60PM) which were laid out under the Randomized Complete Block Design. Significantly higher values for yield of grain (2397 kg/ha) was recorded with PM + SSP @ 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 each. Likewise, FPUE, PIR of wheat and AFPUE was quite higher with combined use of PM and SSP i.e. P60SSP+60PM treatment. Additionally, increase in PUE, wheat yield and yield components associated with combined treated plot would help to minimize the use of high cost synthetic mineral fertilizers and represents an environmentally and agronomically sound management strategy.
Highlights
Wheat crop growth and yield is significantly influenced by phosphorus [1]
It was followed by GY 1863 kg/ha by the treatment PSSP45+PM45 in which synthetic and organic sources were applied in combination
The results show that, there was back to back improvement in the wheat yield of grain with increase in supply of phosphorus by the integrated use of natural (PM) and synthetic (SSP) nutrient sources
Summary
Wheat crop growth and yield is significantly influenced by phosphorus [1]. Early stages of wheat crop required phosphorus for proper growth and good yield of wheat crop [2]. Sufficient supply of P is necessary at early crop growth stage. Phosphorus improves wheat crop tillering stage and brings uniformity at heading stage. It increases the WUE of crop plant which increases the wheat potential of GY [6]. Balanced use of fertilizer NPK perform a fundamental role in enhancing yield and quality of wheat crop [7]. Natural sources not just supply adequate N.P.K and show good effect on the plant growth and development, water holding capacity (WHC), improving the fertility of the soil and enhancing the biological characteristics of the soil [9]
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