Integrated nutrition for wheat in Gypsiferous soils under center pivot sprinkler irrigation system

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted in gypsiferous desert soil in western desert of Iraq/ to the west of Baghdad 260km. at the season 2003-2004 to study the response of wheat (Ebba-99 ) to integrated nutrition and the method of nutrient application under center pivot sprinkler irrigation system. Experiment consisted of seven treatments which were : Control, chemical fertilization treatment according to the recommendation of ministry of agriculture 160 kg./hec.DAP +300Kg./hec.( 33.6kg P/hec., 160 kg N/hec.)Urea.Ferrous and Zinc sulfate were used at rate 4 kg./hec. With water plus to the fertilizer recommendation Also DAP was used with water or soil besides fertilizer recommendation at the same levels. Treatments were distributed according to completely randomized design with three replicates for experimental units with area300 m2 .Measurements were carried out after 50,100 days and at harvesting which consisted of morphological properties like number branches, plant height, leaf area, dry weight , number of spikes , number of grains in spike , weight of 1000 grain , biological yield, grain yield and harvesting index. Same physiological and qualitative properties were estimated that are chlorophyll a,b and total , carbohydrate, protein, total nitrogen ,available phosphorus in soil and plant. Also water use efficiency was calculated. Results showed that Fe+ Z n+ DAP with water achieved significant increasing in yield which was 3250 kg./hec with increasing percentage 15.6% as compared with recommended fertilization.The followed treatment was (Fe+Zn+DAP with soil) with significant increasing percentage 12.45%.The highest percentage of carbohydrate and protein in grains were corresponded by treatment (Fe+Zn+DAP with water and soil) and ranged between 112.5-106.6 gm./ plant for carbohydrate and between 17.5-19.3% for protein . All treatments conserved good level cover the requirement of plant from nitrogen in soil to age 100 days without control treatment. But for phosphorous the decreasing appeared under minimum limits which cover plant requirement after 50 days. That is mentioned the importance of phosphorous application with water at stages after 50 days. It will be concluded the importance of fertilization with more than recommended rates by ministry of agriculture under gypsiferous soils conditions and adding the elements with water after age 50 days.