Abstract
Continuous mono-cropping of rice has resulted in decline or stagnation of yield output due to the occurrence of multiple nutrient deficiencies and worsening of soil physicochemical properties accompanying increased pressure of insect pests and diseases. The basic concept of integrated nutrient management (INM) is maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and supply of plant nutrients to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimisation of benefits from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated way. Augmenting a rice-based cropping system with pulses is a prevalent and indigenous cropping system under rainfed conditions. Considering the above facts, experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of integrated nutrient management on productivity of aromatic rice–greengram cropping system and nutrient balance of the post-harvest soil for agricultural sustainability under rainfed conditions in two consecutive years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) with six main plots and three subplots. The experimental findings revealed that the treatment comprised of 50% recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) through chemicals + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through farmyard manure (FYM) increased the plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation, leaf area and leaf area duration, and yield parameters in short grain aromatic rice. Similarly, preceding application of 50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM to rice and further application 75% RDF + Rhizobium+ phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to greengram increased the growth characteristics and yield parameters—such as pods/plant, seeds/pod, grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index—in greengram. It was concluded that the treatment consisting of 50% RDF (chemical fertiliser) + 50% RDN (FYM) to rice and 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB to greengram increased the productivity of the rice–greengram cropping system. Furthermore, the adoption of INM has positively impacted post-harvest soil nutrient balance.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important and widely grown food grain in the world
With respect to nutrient management in aromatic rice, significantly taller plant height was noted with 50% recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through farmyard manure (FYM) in both the years which was at par with 75% RDF + green manuring and 75% RDF + 25% RDN through FYM
The present study revealed that nutrient management in aromatic rice produced significantly taller plants with 50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM, which was at par with 75% RDF + green manuring and 75% RDF + 25% RDN through FYM
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important and widely grown food grain in the world. The indigenous short grain aromatic rice cultivars are cultivated in limited areas in various corners of the country These rice cultivars contain vital natural chemical compounds, such as 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, with essential amino acids— lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine—and these cultivars have excellent sensory characteristics with local demand as a delicacy [3]. These short grain aromatic rice cultivars have an edge over traditional basmati rice because of the varied and intense aroma with long retention capacity in a relatively warmer region. When farmers become conscious of their rice quality, they are motivated to produce superior quality rice [4,5]
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