Abstract
The goal of personalized medicine is to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. Patients with a variety of cancers and other complex diseases are regularly tested as part of patient care, enabling physicians to personalize patient monitoring and treatment. Among the sought-after diagnostic tools, there is an increasing interest and need for those based on a low-cost, easy, rapid, and accurate method for the detection of specific circulating biomarkers above a detection threshold. Lateral flow tests (LFTs), enhanced by nanotechnology, can fulfil these requirements, providing a significant support to personalized patient monitoring. In this review, after a short historical synopsis of membrane-based lateral flow assays, including a description of a typical configuration of a LFT strip, a careful collection is presented of the best characterized nanotechnology approaches previously reported for the enhancement of target detection performance. The attempt is to offer an overview of currently integrated nanotechnologies in LFTs, fostering the actual future development of advantageous diagnostic devices for patient monitoring.
Highlights
The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of currently integrated nanotechnologies in Lateral flow tests (LFTs), fostering the actual future development of advantageous diagnostic devices for patient monitoring
The results indicated that the developed and thermal) and are classified based on the different sensing modalities exploited, acQD-based LFT system is characterized by good stability and high sensitivity in comparison cording to the selected labels and recognition/amplification strategies [55]
The presented careful collection of the best characterized nanotechnologies integrated in LFTs shows how nanomaterial-based approaches can lead to a significant enhancement in LFT target detection performance
Summary
Personalized medicine is a method of clinical practice that takes advantage of new technologies in order to provide decisions concerning the prevention, prediction, diagnosis and treatment of disease [1,2]. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2362 been made to develop biosensing systems that exploit nanotechnology to perform the detection of specific circulating biomarkers [11,12] These biosensors are of special interest for prevention and early disease detection as well as for patient monitoring [13]. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect is that starting from the use of extremely simple materials such as paper (always taken into account for the development of simple detection systems), combing it with the application of nanomaterials and more complex nanotechnologies (only recently developed), and exploiting what is well known from a large part of studies in biochemistry, it is possible to aspire to the development of promising technologically advanced and at the same time low-cost, rapid, simple/easyto-use devices that patients with different types of diseases can benefit from
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