Abstract
Aquaculture expansion is limited by the negative environmental impact of the waste and the need for alternative sources in the diet of reared fish. In this framework, for the first time, the survival rates, biomass gain, and fatty acid profiles of the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii and the macroalga Chaetomorpha linum, reared/cultivated as bioremediators in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system (IMTA), were evaluated for their potential reuse applications. Results showed that these organisms represent a natural source of omega-3 and omega-6. On account of the overall results and the high biomass obtained as by-products, a preliminary study was performed employing both S. spallanzanii and C. linum as new dietary ingredients to feed different sized Dicentrarchus labrax. Fish survival rate, biomass growth, and specific growth rate were determined resulting in no significant differences between control and treated fishes. Histological analyses showed no alterations of the stomach tunica mucosa and submucosa in treated fishes. The eco-friendly approaches applied in the here-realized IMTA system could guarantee the achievement of sustainable by-products represented by the bioremediators S. spallanzanii and C. linum, as well as their reliability as a natural source of compounds beneficial to fish and human health.
Highlights
Aquaculture currently provides almost 45% of the world’s fisheries products and an increased production up to almost 62% is expected by 2030 [1]
In the high production of bioremediators biomass, thanks to the realized integrated multitrophic aquaculture system (IMTA) system, a restoration of the aquaculture rearing environment was achieved in terms of microbial contamination and nutrient concentrations
Thalli of C. linum were hand-collected by means of a rake in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Mediterranean Sea, Ionian Sea, Italy) (Figure 6b), where it can make very thick drifting mattresses, in the period late autumn–late spring, with highly variable biomass the year
Summary
Aquaculture currently provides almost 45% of the world’s fisheries products and an increased production up to almost 62% is expected by 2030 [1]. Its expansion is limited by several factors including the need to develop new alternative diets for reared fish and the reduction of the impact of this activity on the marine environment. In this context, in recent years, a substantial proportion of the research has been aimed at creating integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems.
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