Abstract
The Araguari River basin has a huge water resource potential. However, population and industrial growth have generated numerous private and collective conflicts of interest in the multiple uses of water, resulting in the need for integrated management of water quantity and quality at the basin scale. This study used the AQUATOOL Decision Support System. The water balance performed by the SIMGES module for the period of October 2006 to September 2011 provided a good representation of the reality of this basin. The parameters studied were dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate and total phosphorus. The coefficients of biochemical reactions, sedimentation rates and sediment dissolved oxygen release for this period were calibrated and validated in the quality modeling using the GESCAL module. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the coefficients of carbonaceous matter decomposition, nitrification, water temperature, and sediment oxygen demand interfered more significantly in the variables of state. To prevent eutrophication in the Nova Ponte reservoir and in the other cascade reservoirs, the local River Basin Committee should adopt restrictive actions against the use of agricultural fertilizers. On the other hand, in the sub basin of the Uberabinha River, new alternatives for public water supply to the city of Uberlândia and improvements in the treatment efficiency of the main wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) should be proposed, since the biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia and total phosphorus failed to meet the requirements of COPAM (2008) in the driest months.
Highlights
In developing countries, such as Brazil, which lack financial resources for basic sanitation and proper wastewater treatment, the problem of dissolved oxygen consumption in waterways after wastewater has been discharged into them is still significant, justifying the use of the assimilative capacity of waterways to complement the treatment process
Numerous researchers have designed a variety of models and Decision Support Systems (DSS) that are useful for water resource planning and management at the basin scale
Andreu et al (1996) developed a DSS called AQUATOOL, which is an interface for editing, simulating, reviewing and analyzing basin management simulation models, including a lentic and lotic water quality simulation module, that is widely used in Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America (ParedesArquiola et al, 2010a, 2010b; Nakamura, 2010; Sulis & Sechi, 2013).The GESCAL and SIMGES modules are intercon-nected, sharing georeferenced quality and quantity data through a graphical interface (ParedesArquiola et al, 2010a)
Summary
In developing countries, such as Brazil, which lack financial resources for basic sanitation and proper wastewater treatment, the problem of dissolved oxygen consumption in waterways after wastewater has been discharged into them is still significant, justifying the use of the assimilative capacity of waterways to complement the treatment process. Many water resource management proposals have been put forward by local river basin committees These proposals are not underpinned by integrated studies of water quantity and quality in lentic and lotic environments, but instead focused only on the implementation of quantitative and qualitative telemetric information systems, on user registration and updating, on the creation of criteria for granting water rights, on charging for the use of water and on payment to the surrounding municipalities, watercourse guidelines, conflict prognosis between demands and capacities, and the creation of environmental protection units. Using the factor model, this study performed a sensitivity analysis of the four main coefficients of biochemical reactions involved in the modeling (the re-aeration coefficient Ka, decomposition coefficient of CBOD Kd, coefficient of decomposition of organic nitrogen KNoa, and coefficient of ammonia nitrification KNai), of the water temperature (Temp) and the sediment oxygen demand (SOD)
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