Abstract
Effect of various disease management tools on seedling emergence, wilt incidence and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Var. California Wonder was studied as part of integrated management strategies under both glass house and field conditions. Different fungicides were tested against the four wilt pathogens viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytopthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii under in- vitro conditions. The fungicides viz, Captan, Carbendazim, Metalaxyl and Carboxin which were found effective under in-vitro conditions were further tested individually as well as in combinations under glass house conditions. Seed treatment followed by seedling treatment with fungicides proved ineffective in controlling wilt incidence disease, however, besides seed treatment and seedling treatment when fungicides were sprayed at crown region of the plant, wilt incidence was significantly reduced. Seed treatment+ seedling treatment + spraying of Carbendazim + Metalaxyl proved most effective and recorded 59.8% disease reduction over check under field conditions. Integration of Captan + Metalaxyl with Trichoderma harzianum and T. virens also proved superior compared to their individual treatments.
Highlights
Bell pepper locally named as Shimla Mirch (Capsicum annuum L.) is infected by a number of diseases, among them wilt complex has gained major importance in the State of Jammu and Kashmir from the last 15-18 years and the losses caused by disease are up to the extent of 30-40 per cent (Anonymous, 1989)
The pathogens viz., Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii were isolated from bell pepper plants affected with wilt complex disease in different areas of Jammu region
The fungicides found effective under in-vitro conditions viz., carbendazim, carboxin, metalaxyl were tested at concentrations i.e. 50,100,250 ppm and captan at 100, 250, 500 ppm against Trichoderma harzianum (Th2 ), T. viride (Tv2) and T. virens (Gv3) respectively, to examine their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the antagonists using poisoned food technique (Schmitz, 19303)
Summary
Bell pepper locally named as Shimla Mirch (Capsicum annuum L.) is infected by a number of diseases, among them wilt complex has gained major importance in the State of Jammu and Kashmir from the last 15-18 years and the losses caused by disease are up to the extent of 30-40 per cent (Anonymous, 1989). The wilt disease, incited by a number of pathogens, is the devastating soil-borne disease and difficult to manage. The disease has been observed to be caused by Fusarium spp., Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani (Shali, 2000; Najar, 2001). Keeping in view the etiology, exorbitant losses and lack of information regarding integrated management of wilt complex disease using bio-control agents and chemicals, the present studies were conducted to evolve the effective management strategies involving most effective chemicals and bio-control agents
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