Abstract
The primary producers of pulses are small-scale farmers with small and dispersed plots under rain-fed conditions with substantially lower yields of less than 0.9 t/ha as compared to the improved faba bean varieties and international yields. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering faba bean production in Ethiopia.). It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant faba bean genotypes in the central highlands. But we can manage this economically important disease in manner which comprises all available diseases management methods in combination that is IPM (Integrated Pest management). So, the objective of this review work was to review available integrated pest management option for management of chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Ethiopia. We can control the disease by using different methods from these late sowing of faba bean, mixed cropping of faba bean with cereal crops and mancozeb spray reduced the disease and increased the grain yield and seed weight over sole and mixed cropping with field pea; also cereal mixing with faba bean has advantages over faba bean mixing with field pea. Suppressive effects can be ascribed to a combination of host biomass reduction, altered microclimate and physical barriers to spore dispersal. Also creation of a physical barrier in the form of non-host plants prevents some of the dispersed spores from being deposited on the host tissue by interception. In Ethiopia, study has revealed that the biological control agents for chocolate spot of faba bean and Bacilli are natural residents of faba bean leaves. Additionally recommendation have been given that, further study has to be done to explore the mode of action by bacillus subtilis against fabae.
Highlights
Substantial delay and shortening of chocolate spot epidemic and thereby reduction of attack can be achieved by late sowing of faba bean as the conditions suitable for the development of the disease do not exist for a sufficiently long period of time [10]
[3, 17] found that cereal mixing with faba bean has advantages over faba bean mixing with field pea
Chocolate spot was significantly reduced when faba bean was intercropped with cereals, but not when intercropped with legumes
Summary
The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Ethiopia locally known as ''Bakela'' has been grown in the highlands of Ethiopia between 1800 and 3000 m above sea level. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering faba bean production in Ethiopia [14, 24]. It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant faba bean genotypes in the central highlands [14]. The production of the crop is enormously declining as the local faba bean cultivars are entirely attacked by chocolate spot and other diseases in southwest Ethiopia [23]. The objectives of this work were to review available integrated pest management option for management of chocolate spot disease of faba bean and to point out the gaps in this area
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