Abstract
The preservation and analysis of tangible cultural heritage sites have attracted enormous interest worldwide. Recently, establishing three-dimensional (3D) digital archives has emerged as a critical strategy for the permanent preservation and digital analysis of cultural sites. For extant parts of cultural sites, 3D scanning is widely used for efficient and accurate digitization. However, in many historical sites, many parts that have been damaged or lost by natural or artificial disasters are unavailable for 3D scanning. The remaining available data sources for these destroyed parts are photos, computer-aided design (CAD) drawings, written descriptions, etc. In this paper, we achieve an integrated digital archive of a UNESCO World Heritage site, namely, the Borobudur temple, in which buried reliefs and internal foundations are not available for 3D scanning. We introduce a digitizing framework to integrate three different kinds of data sources and to create a unified point-cloud-type digital archive. This point-based integration enables us to digitally record the entire 3D structure of the target cultural heritage site. Then, the whole site is visualized by stochastic point-based rendering (SPBR) precisely and comprehensibly. The proposed framework is widely applicable to other large-scale cultural sites.
Highlights
The three-dimensional (3D) recording of cultural heritage (CH) has attracted enormous interest worldwide [1]
As the numbers and the resolution of the photos taken by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are not large enough, the quantity of the remote photogrammetry scanned dataset is limited
We proposed a technical framework for the enrichment phase of the digital preservation process for large-scale CH sites
Summary
The three-dimensional (3D) recording of cultural heritage (CH) has attracted enormous interest worldwide [1]. The complete 3D recording process of CH usually contains five steps: 3D digitization, 3D data processing, archiving, visualization, and reproduction [2,3,4]. Visualization is an important way to analyze CH, and reproduction involves virtual representation, application, post-disaster reconstruction, etc. We consider three main requirements in digitally recording large-scale CH assets. Due to the huge workload, the digitization method and the visualization method of the large-scale CH should be as efficient as possible because the efficiency determines the feasibility of the entire project. Many historical CH assets can be partially or even completely damaged, destroyed, or lost by natural and man-made disasters [5]. For complete visualization, we need to integrate (1) the 3D scanned data of the Remote Sens.
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