Abstract
A total of 45 ground penetrating radar profiles have been conducted in Basrah City, Southern Iraq, to detect buried utilities in such soils which have not been tested before. This study tries to explore how much this technique can be useful for Basrah low resistivity soils during arid and humid seasons. In Basrah University Campus (silty clay soil) and Basrah Sport City (silty sand soil), 37 and 8 ground penetrating radar profiles were achieved inside these locations respectively. Vertical electrical sounding (Schlumberger array) and electrical profiling (Wenner array) were also used in compatibility with radar surveys side by side in all sites. Here, radargrams do not reveal much more details about the subsurface conditions because of the moisture content and soil characterizations. The actual penetrating depth of 250 and 500 MHz antennas are limited to 1.4 and 0.4 m respectively due to the soil total dissolved solids of about 6790 ppm. The tests suggest that the 250 MHz antenna is somewhat better than the 500 MHz one for detecting the shapes and depths of the buried bodies in silty clay soils during rainy or even arid periods. In Basrah Sport City (500 MHz) antenna, the radargram wave signals are not good for more than 2.5 m depth, and this antenna, rather than the 250 MHZ one is suitable for silty sand soil type.
Highlights
Geophysical methods have an important role in engineering geology, for infrastructures
The importance of this study is to investigate the possibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) in different types of Basrah soil
The resistivity survey was carried out to identify the water table and the resistivity of the subsurface soil layers because GPR mainly depends on the resistivity of the soil
Summary
Geophysical methods have an important role in engineering geology, for infrastructures. They are non-destructive testing methods for detecting subsurface weak zones, dynamic elastic moduli, earthquake hazard design and many other targets. In the past few decades, the south and west of Basrah were greatly damaged due to several circumstances that caused soil settlements, the matter that directly collapse the subsurface utilities (pipes, cables and channels). For such cases, the GPR can be used as a power geophysical tool to detect these subsurface utilities, but the application of this method has several limitations, for Basrah soil characterizations The GPR can be used as a power geophysical tool to detect these subsurface utilities, but the application of this method has several limitations, for Basrah soil characterizations.
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