Integrated Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Examination of Source Rocks in the Sokoto and Anambra Basins, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity

Lukman Musa Adamu,Okafor Pudentiana Ngozi,Nuhu George Obaje,Umar Mohammed Umar

doi:10.11648/j.pse.20200402.11

Abstract

The LECO and Rock–Eval pyrolysis for 7 shale and 3 coal samples, as well as, multivariate statistical analysis have been used to probe source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Sokoto Basin and Anambra Basin of northwestern and southeastern Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results show that 93% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt%, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 6.68 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 3.36 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI.

Highlights

Data set are being gathered through surveys to enable extensive appraisal of the oil and gas possibilities in the frontier basins of Nigeria by the Nigerian government through the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation and other investors
Highly positive correlation between TOC and hydrogen index values (HI) (Figure 10d), highly negative correlation with oxygen index (Figure 10b) and little to no correlation between TOC and Tmax (Figure 10e) and PI indicate that the maturity of source rocks is independent of the amount of organic matter [23]
Integrated LECO, Rock–Eval pyrolysis and multivariate statistical analysis are examined to investigate the level and time of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of shale and coal successions in northwestern Sokoto and Anambra Basins, they showed that the northwestern Sokoto Basin source rocks are poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas

Summary

Introduction

Data set are being gathered through surveys to enable extensive appraisal of the oil and gas possibilities in the frontier basins of Nigeria by the Nigerian government through the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation and other investors. These basins include the Anambra Basin, Benue Trough, Bida Basin, Chad Basin (Nigerian sector), Dahomey Basin and Sokoto Basins (Figure 1). At the centre of the petroleum system is the availability of organically rich, mature source rocks. Source rocks for petroleum generation are usually shales, carbonates and coals

Methods

Results

Conclusion