Abstract
Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment (IEHIA) can be considered as an element in the third phase of environmental risk management. Its focus is on providing inclusive descriptions of multiple impacts from multiple stressors in such a way that they can be evaluated against the potential societal benefits of the causes of the stressors. This paper emphasises some differences and difficulties in the integration across professional paradigms and scientific fields, across stakeholder perspectives and differences in impact indicators that emanate from these different fields and paradigms.
Highlights
Introduction and BackgroundIntegrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment (IEHIA) is a rather new concept that is receiving increasing attention in the 21st century
This narrative review describes some of the major challenges that are encountered in performing an IEHIA, in particular those that arise from the integration across professional paradigms and scientific fields, across stakeholder perspectives and differences in impact indicators
Environmental quality standards were developed for specific stressors, sometimes for groups of substances with similar working mechanisms, e.g., dioxins, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s) or Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s)
Summary
Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment (IEHIA) is a rather new concept that is receiving increasing attention in the 21st century. National Research Council’s “Redbook” Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process [7] has dominated thinking about risk assessment since its publication. It discerns four steps in risk assessment, (1) hazard identification; (2) dose-response assessment; (3) exposure assessment; and (4) risk characterization (Figure 1). Environmental quality standards were developed for specific stressors, sometimes for groups of substances with similar working mechanisms, e.g., dioxins, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s) or Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) These environmental quality standards, together with emission controls, regulations, and compliance monitoring have substantially reduced emissions of environmental stressors to the environment and improved public health. Integrated environmental health impact assessment is an important element in modern risk governance
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