Integrated electronic skin (e-skin) for harvesting of TENG energy through push\u2013pull ionic electrets and ion-ion hopping mechanism

Ravi Kumar Cheedarala,Jung Il Song

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04555-3

Ravi Kumar Cheedarala, Jung Il Song

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04555-3

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Mar 9, 2022
Citations: 13	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Changwon National University

Abstract

The development of highly durable, stretchable, and steady triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is highly desirable to satisfy the tight requirement of energy demand. Here, we presented a novel integrated polymeric membrane that is designed by PEDOT: PSSa-naphthalene sulfonated polyimide (PPNSP)-EMI.BF4 Electronic skin (e-skin) for potential TENG applications. The proposed TENG e-skin is fabricated by an interconnected architecture with push–pull ionic electrets that can threshold the transfer of charges through an ion-hopping mechanism for the generation of a higher output voltage (Voc) and currents (Jsc) against an electronegative PTFE film. PPNSP was synthesized from the condensation of naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2′-benzidine sulfonic acid, and 4,4′diaminodiphenyl ether through an addition copolymerization protocol, and PEDOT: PSSa was subsequently deposited using the dip-coating method. Porous networked PPNSP e-skin with continuous ion transport nano-channels is synthesized by introducing simple and strong molecular push–pull interactions via intrinsic ions. In addition, EMI.BF4 ionic liquid (IL) is doped inside the PPNSP skin to interexchange ions to enhance the potential window for higher output Voc and Iscs. In this article, we investigated the push–pull dynamic interactions between PPNSP-EMI.BF4 e-skin and PTFE and tolerable output performance. The novel PPNSP- EMI.BF4 e-skin TENG produced upto 49.1 V and 1.03 µA at 1 Hz, 74 V and 1.45 µA at 2 Hz, 122.3 V and 2.21 µA at 3 Hz and 171 V and 3.6 µA at 4 Hz, and 195 V and 4.43 µA at 5 Hz, respectively. The proposed novel TENG device was shown to be highly flexible, highly durable, commercially viable, and a prospective candidate to produce higher electrical charge outputs at various applied frequencies.

Highlights

For two decades, fossil fuel reservoirs are gradually decreasing owed to abundant consumption of human society
We have demonstrated an ionic networked polymer triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on PEDOT: polystyrene sulfonate (PSSa)—EMI.BF4-NSP (PPNSP).EMI.BF4-PTFE with ion-ion hopping alternates hydrophilic nano-channels integrated with sulfonic acid groups, resulting in superior electro-chemo-mechanical properties
Well-arranged hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups have good compatibility with both PEDOT: PSSa, and EMI.BF4 to penetrate at atom–atom interactions owing to PPNSP.EMI

Summary

Introduction

Fossil fuel reservoirs are gradually decreasing owed to abundant consumption of human society. Yan et al have reported porous g-C3N4, and Mxene dual confined FeOOH Quantum Dots for superior energy storage in an EMI.BF4 IL for high efficiency s upercapacitors[35] From their exploration, we inspired to use an EMI.BF4 for emerging high performance TENG by producing fast ion-hopping rate between cations and hydrophilic NSP.H+, and PEDOT: PSSa conduction layers by ion-ion interactions through porous nano channels[36]. The ionic conductivity, and ion exchange capacity of PPNSP are increased up to 3.3 times and 3.5 times through ionic electrets by an ion hopping mechanism that established that the higher density of excess protons (H+ ions) on the active surface can activate polarized charges to produce a higher TENG output voltage (Voc) and output currents (Isc) when interacting with the electronegative PTFE surface by contact separation mode (stages 3 and 4).

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