Abstract
An integrated device that carries out the timely transport of solutions andconducts electroanalysis was constructed. The transport of solutions was based oncapillary action in overall hydrophilic flow channels and control by valves that operateon the basis of electrowetting. Electrochemical sensors including glucose, lactate,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), pH,ammonia, urea, and creatinine were integrated. An air gap structure was used for theammonia, urea, and creatinine sensors to realize a rapid response. To enhance thetransport of ammonia that existed or was produced by the enzymatic reactions, the pHof the solution was elevated by mixing it with a NaOH solution using a valve based onelectrowetting. The sensors for GOT and GPT used a freeze-dried substrate matrix torealize rapid mixing. The sample solution was transported to required sensing sites atdesired times. The integrated sensors showed distinct responses when a sample solutionreached the respective sensing sites. Linear relationships were observed between theoutput signals and the concentration or the logarithm of the concentration of theanalytes. An interferent, L-ascorbic acid, could be eliminated electrochemically in thesample injection port.
Highlights
Over the last decade, μTAS or Lab-on-a-Chip technology has made remarkable progress, and devices of high functionality have been reported for various applications [1, 2]
The injection ports were formed for a sample solution, a NaOH solution, and electrolyte solutions for the ammonia, urea, and creatinine sensors
The valves were placed at the indicated positions in view of the possibility of carrying out preprocessing, such as the elimination of interferents and separation of blood cells in the sample injection port or an additional module connected at that location
Summary
ΜTAS or Lab-on-a-Chip technology has made remarkable progress, and devices of high functionality have been reported for various applications [1, 2]. The integration of the microfluidic function has discouragingly lagged behind, micro-chemical sensor technology has advanced over the last two decades [3, 4]. This may be because of the complexity of mechanical parts, such as micropumps [5,6,7,8], and/or the optical detection on which the majority of the previous microanalysis systems depend. Many applications have been considered, including the analysis of DNAs and proteins; for this study, we chose critical analytes for blood analysis This is because we can test various major and optional technologies on the integrated chip. The fabrication and performance of a microfluidic transport system and the realization of a highly sophisticated electrochemical analysis system will be presented
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