Abstract
Widespread use of petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents has resulted in contamination of soils and ground water supplies. This paper summarizes key technical and economic issues for surface active age nt (surfactant)-enhanced remediation of such contamination episodes. Laboratory and field results are cited illustrating each of these key issues. Using the design of an upcoming field study as an example, we illustrate the importance of system solubility enhancement, interfacial tension, viscosity and density in selecting a surfactant system. We also show how a site-specific capillary curve can be used to optimize contaminant solubility (super solubilization) while mitigating mobilization and vertical migration. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of a surfactant gradient system to progressively increase the super-solubilization potential without mobilizing trapped oil.
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