Abstract
The achievement of safe sanitation access is about 7.42 % in 2018, that indicates high risk of faecal contamination from unmanaged onsite sanitation system and has not been fully supported by faecal sludge service. This paper described the study of characteristic of onsite sanitation and faecal sludge for review potential of integrating of sludge handling with improved communal wastewater treatment. Faecal sludge quality were observed from pit latrines and communal septic tank, then analysis method apply cluster analysis and through close loop approach consider treatment and disposal for resource recovery. The pilot model of combined treatment of wastewater and faecal sludge was developed by anaerobic digester with a maximum 5% sludge loading, then further treatment by biofilter system and sludge drying bed. The quality of treated water can meet COD and nitrogen as effluent standard, biosolid reached a stabilization index of 40 - 60%, water content of 50-60% and less Coliform bacteria content. The characteristics of faecal sludge strength to be handled will be influenced bytechnical aspect or environment. The integrated system could be applied to manage wastewater and faecal sludge and its by products, mainly for rural area has not been catered by faecal sludge service.
Highlights
The polluted water poses a severe public health hazard and environment degradation that has been caused by poor onsite sanitation system related to the lack of inadequate access to safe faecal sludge management
The degradation of Citarum Watershed environment by reentering faecal phatogens will still occur due to unproper practice of faecal sludge disposal and unscheduled sludge emptying from onsite sanitation system both individual or communal system
The degradation of Citarum watershed environment by reentering faecal phatogens will still occur due to unproper practice of faecal sludge disposal and unscheduled sludge emptying from onsite sanitation system
Summary
The polluted water poses a severe public health hazard and environment degradation that has been caused by poor onsite sanitation system related to the lack of inadequate access to safe faecal sludge management. The low safe access indicates the rate of provision of wastewater infrastructure without comprehensive faecal sludge management effectively. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for 2030 cover adequate and equitable access to sanitation and are oriented towards increasing the effectiveness of water treatment and recycling technologies. The target of improved and safe wastewater treatment system cover onsite systems about 87% and off site systems about 13%. One indicator of safe access to wastewater is the management of sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The existing of . centralized faecal sludge treatment installation facilities have an optimal operating level of around 11%, due to transportation and public awareness constraints [15]
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