Abstract
Bradyarrhythmia is a kind of cardiovascular disease caused by dysregulation of cardiomyocytes, which seriously threatens human life. Currently, treatment strategies of bradyarrhythmia mainly include drug therapy, surgery, or implantable cardioverter defibrillators, but these strategies are limited by drug side effect, surgical trauma, and instability of implanted devices. Here, we developed an integrated Au-nanoroded biosensing and regulating platform to investigate the photothermal therapy of cardiac bradyarrhythmia in vitro. Au-nanoroded electrode array can simultaneously accumulate energy from the photothermal regulation and monitor the electrophsiological state to restore normal rhythm of cardiomyocytes in real time. To treat the cardiomyocytes cultured on Au-nanoroded device by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, cardiomyocytes return to normal for long term after irradiation of suitable NIR energy and maintenance. Compared with the conventional strategies, the photothermal strategy is more effective and convenient to regulate the cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing shows that the differential expression genes in cardiomyocytes are significantly increased after photothermal strategy, which are involved in the regulation of the heart rate, cardiac conduction, and ion transport. This work establishes a promising integrated biosensing and regulating platform for photothermal therapy of bradyarrhythmia in vitro and provides reliable evidence of photothermal regulation on cardiomyocytes for cardiological clinical studies.
Highlights
The heart plays a vital role in the circulatory system to maintain the life activities by transporting blood throughout the body
We developed an integrated Au-nanoroded biosensing and regulating platform to investigate the photothermal therapy of cardiac bradyarrhythmia in vitro (Figure 1)
We develop an integrated Au-nanoroded biosensing and regulating platform to investigate the photothermal therapy of cardiac bradyarrhythmia in vitro
Summary
The heart plays a vital role in the circulatory system to maintain the life activities by transporting blood throughout the body. The electrical conduction system of the heart can generate rhythmic action potentials by the autonomic pacemaker cells, driving the working cardiomyocytes to rhythmically contract and pump blood to other organs or tissues. Some hereditary or acquired reasons, such as organic heart disease, drug abuse, severe electrolyte balance disorders, and cardiac electrical conduction disorders will induce cardiac arrhythmias as a huge group in cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]. Cases of sudden cardiac arrest due to arrhythmia account for half of cardiovascular disease patients and 15% of death [3]. The bradyarrhythmias could be induced by sinoatrial node dysfunction, atrioventricular block, drug influence, etc., which often results in angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency, or central nervous system dysfunction. Much effort is attempted to develop the effective bradyarrhythmia therapies, aiming at the rhythmical regulation of the heart [5]
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