Integrated assessment of offshore wind and wave power resources in mainland Portugal

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of offshore wind and wave energy resources in mainland Portugal, aiming to facilitate sustainable energy exploitation. The study integrates the spatial distribution and temporal variability of those energy resources, as well as the interplay between wind and wave patterns and co-location feasibility. A 44-year dataset (1979–2022), derived from ERA5 reanalysis wind and SWAN wave model across the concession zones designated by the Portuguese government (labelled as P1 to P6) are utilised. The results indicate promising prospects for wind and wave power densities in these zones, emphasising the suitability of the offshore renewable energy extraction. Additionally, analysis revealed fluctuations in wind and wave power variability among the selected locations, with concession zone P3 (Leixões) emerging as a promising candidate due to its relatively lower variability and stable distribution patterns of both resources. The analysis on co-location feasibility demonstrated the potential for efficient energy extraction in location P5 proving to be the most favourable in wind-wave resource integration. Moreover, time lag analysis highlighted opportunities for optimising energy capture efficiency. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the sustainable exploitation of wind and wave power resources, contributing to deliver informed decision-making for renewable energy investment.