Abstract

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycidol are considered industrially important chemical entities and there is a great benefit if these moieties can be synthesized from biomass-derived feedstocks such as glycerol or its derivatives. In this report, both DMC and glycidol were synthesized in an integrated process from glycerol derived 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and CO2 through a metal-free reaction approach and at mild reaction conditions. Initially, the chlorinated cyclic carbonate, i.e., 3-chloro-1,2-propylenecarbonate was synthesized using the equivalent interaction of organic superbase 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol with CO2 at room temperature. Further, DMC and glycidol were synthesized by the base-catalyzed transesterification of 3-chloro-1,2-propylenecarbonate using DBU in methanol. The synthesis of 3-chloro-1,2-propylenecarbonate was performed in different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-Me-THF). In this case, 2-Me-THF further facilitated an easy separation of the product where a 97% recovery of the 3-chloro-1,2-propylenecarbonate was obtained compared to 63% with DMSO. The use of DBU as the base in the transformation of 3-chloro-1,2-propylenecarbonate further facilitates the conversion of the 3-chloro-1,2 propandiol that forms in situ during the transesterification process. Hence, in this synthetic approach, DBU not only eased the CO2 capture and served as a base catalyst in the transesterification process, but it also performed as a reservoir for chloride ions, which further facilitates the synthesis of 3-chloro-1,2-propylenecarbonate and glycidol in the overall process. The separation of the reaction components proceeded through the solvent extraction technique where a 93 and 89% recovery of the DMC and glycidol, respectively, were obtained. The DBU superbase was recovered from its chlorinated salt, [DBUH][Cl], via a neutralization technique. The progress of the reactions as well as the purity of the recovered chemical species was confirmed by means of the NMR analysis technique. Hence, a single base, as well as a renewable solvent comprising an integrated process approach was carried out under mild reaction conditions where CO2 sequestration along with industrially important chemicals such as dimethyl carbonate and glycidol were synthesized.

Highlights

  • dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycidol synthesis proceeded via the integrated two-step process approach

  • The glycerol-derived 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol as well as CO2 was successfully valThe glycerol-derived 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol as well as CO2 was successfully valor orized for the synthesis of an industrially important dimethyl carbonate and glycidol ized for the synthesis of an industrially important dimethyl carbonate and glycidol inte integrated process approach under mild reaction conditions

  • Upon the two-d whereupon the formation of cyclic carbonate was confirmed with both one- and use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 69% of

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Summary

Introduction

Out form a mixture ofof2,2,3-dichloro-1-propanol and Further, out of of these chlorinated derivatives glycerol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is converted to ECH these chlorinated derivatives of of glycerol, folfollowing the alkaline hydrolysis process [7]. Considering the vital role of DMC in synthetic chemistry, several catalytic pro cesses with and without the use of CO2 have been developed for the DMC synthesis wher and without use of CO been developed for the DMC synthesis where some of 2 have some of thethe methods have been commercialized [13,14] In this reaction approach, the CO2 molecule was initially activated through the equiv. The progress of the reaction as well as the purity of tion, as shown in Scheme 2, the overall process of the synthesis of DMC and glycidol wa the recovered chemical species was confirmed by means of NMR analysis techniques. Materials and Methods tion as well as the purity of the recovered chemical species was confirmed by means o

Materials andglycidol
NMR Analysis
Results
C HMBC NMR spectra of the reaction mixture after equivalent interaction of
Conclusions
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