Abstract
Excessive fat accretion is a crucial problem during broiler production. Abdominal fat weight (AbFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AbFP) are major phenotypic indices of fat traits. The present study used F2 females derived from a cross between Beijing-You and Cobb-Vantress chickens. Cohorts with extreme AbFP and AbFW phenotypes were chosen to construct high- and low-abdominal fat libraries (HAbF and LAbF, respectively) to investigate the expression profiles by RNA-sequencing and microRNA (miRNA)-sequencing. Compared with the LAbF library, 62 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 303 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the HAbF birds. Integrated analysis of DEMs and DEGs showed that a total of 106 DEGs were identified as target genes for the 62 DEMs. These genes were designated as intersection genes, and 11 of these genes are involved in lipid metabolism pathways. The miRNA gga-miR-19b-3p accelerated the proliferation of preadipocytes, as well as adipocyte differentiation, by down- regulating ACSL1. These findings suggest that some strong candidate miRNAs and genes, important in relation to abdominal adipose deposition, were identified by the integrated analysis of DEMs and DEGs. These findings add to our current understanding of the molecular genetic controls underlying abdominal adipose accumulation in chickens.
Highlights
Decades of intensive genetic selection have resulted in increased body weight gain, growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens[1]
MiRNAs identified by deep sequencing in the high AbF (HAbF) and low AbF (LAbF) libraries from an F2 resource population covered all 48 known miRNAs in chicken abdominal adipose tissue that were identified by cloning[14]
The present work has shown that more candidate miRNAs related to abdominal fat were identified using deep sequencing technology
Summary
Decades of intensive genetic selection have resulted in increased body weight gain, growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens[1]. Contemporary broiler breeds contain 150 to 200 g of fat per kg body weight, 85% of which is not physiologically essential and represents an inefficiency in meat production. Mature miRNAs are derived from pri-miRNA precursors composed of hundreds or thousands of nt that constitute monocistronic or polycistronic transcriptional units[6,7,8] These small regulatory RNAs have been implicated in numerous and wide-ranging biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, development, apoptosis, pathogenesis, www.nature.com/scientificreports/. It is essential to fully identify the miRNAs in abdominal fat by deep sequencing, and to establish the transcriptome of chicken abdominal adipose tissue. The focus here was on a deep analysis of critical genes, miRNAs, and pathways using the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles related to abdominal fat deposition
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