Integral representations and complete monotonicity of remainders of the Binet and Stirling formulas for the gamma function

Abstract

In the paper, the authors find integral representations, complete monotonicity, limits, and other properties of remainders of the Binet and Stirling formulas for the gamma function and their derivatives. These properties strengthen almost all results in three papers published in the Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Letters, and Applied Mathematics and Computation in the years 2006, 2011, and 2014 by seven mathematicians. The proofs in the paper unify and are simpler than those in the three papers.