Integrable semi-discretisation of the Drinfel’d–Sokolov hierarchies

Abstract

We propose a novel semi-discrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with two discrete and one continuous independent variables, which is integrable in the sense of having the standard and adjoint Lax pairs, from the direct linearisation framework. By performing reductions on the semi-discrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, new semi-discrete versions of the Drinfel’d–Sokolov hierarchies associated with Kac–Moody Lie algebras , , and are successfully constructed. A Lax pair involving the fraction of graded matrices is also found for each of the semi-discrete Drinfel’d–Sokolov equations. Furthermore, the direct linearisation construction guarantees the existence of exact solutions of all the semi-discrete equations discussed in the paper, providing another insight into their integrability in addition to the analysis of Lax pairs.