Integrable local and non-local vector Non-linear Schrödinger Equation with balanced loss and gain

Abstract

The local and non-local vector Non-linear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) with a general cubic non-linearity are considered in presence of a linear term characterized, in general, by a non-hermitian matrix which under certain condition incorporates balanced loss and gain and a linear coupling between the complex fields of the governing non-linear equations. It is shown that the systems posses a Lax pair and an infinite number of conserved quantities and hence integrable. Apart from the particular form of the local and non-local reductions, the systems are integrable when the matrix representing the linear term is pseudo hermitian with respect to the hermitian matrix comprising the generic cubic non-linearity. The inverse scattering transformation method is employed to find exact soliton solutions for both the local and non-local cases. Further, it is shown that the presence of the linear term restricts the possible form of the norming constants and hence the polarization vector.