Abstract
Most cryptographic systems are based on an underlying difficult problem. The RSA cryptosystem and many other cryptosystems rely on the fact that factoring a large composite number into two prime numbers is a hard problem. The are many algorithms for factoring integers. This chapter presents some of the basic algorithms for integer factorization like the Trial Division, Fermat's Algorithm. Pollard's Rho Method, Pollard's p-1 method and the Elliptic Curve Method. The Number Field Sieve algorithm along with Special Number field Sieve and the General Number Field Sieve are also used in factoring large numbers. Other factoring algorithms discussed in this chapter are the Continued Fractions Algorithms and the Quadratic Sieve Algorithm.
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