Intake of vitamins and minerals in stable hemodialysis patients as determined by 9-day food records

Abstract

Objective: To determine the dietary intake of vitamins, minerals and trace elements in a chronic hemodialysis population. Setting: University-owned chronic hemodialysis center. Patients: Twenty-five patients dialyzed with cellulose acetate or cellulose membranes. The average Kt V was 1.18 ± .12, the mean caloric intake was 1656 ± 538 kcal/d and the mean protein intake was 61.1 ± 17.2 g/d (.86 ± .22 g/kg/ideal body wt). Data source: Nine-day food record histories. Results: The mean daily intake of most water-soluble vitamins was less than the recommended daily allowance (RDA), with the most deficient intakes observed for vitamin B 6 (64% of RDA) and riboflavin (84% of RDA). Only mean vitamin B 12 intake was greater than the RDA. For the fat soluble vitamins the mean intake of both vitamins A and E was less than the RDA (63% and 73%, respectively). Mean iron intake was 101% of the RDA, whereas mean zinc intake was only 60% of the RDA. Intake of folic acid was greater in our patients compared with previous studies in Australian, Danish, and British patients. In addition, intake of thiamine and vitamins B 6 and C was higher, and intake of niacin was lower in our patients compared with Australian patients. Conclusion: There is marked variability in the intake of vitamins and minerals in chronic hemodialysis patients. Careful attention should be paid to regional and national differences in dietary intake of vitamins, trace elements, and minerals in hemodialysis patients.