Abstract
To evaluate the association of the consumption of foods of the ultra-processed group (UPF) with inflammatory markers in the adolescent population in Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study. Food consumption was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recalls using the NOVA classification for food processing levels. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the association between the percentage of UPF energy contribution and inflammatory markers. São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The sample consisted of 391 male and female adolescents, aged from 17 to 18 years. The average daily energy consumption by adolescents was 8032·9 kJ/d, of which 26·1 % originated from UPF. The upper tertile (T3) of UPF consumption presented higher intake of simple carbohydrates, lipids, saturated fat, and Na and lower protein intake. Individuals in T3 presented higher serum leptin and CRP levels (P < 0·05). Adolescents with UPF energy consumption ≥30·0 % (tertile 3 of UPF) had a 79 % (exp (0·58) = 1·79) increase in IL-8 levels when compared with adolescents in tertile 1 of UPF (P = 0·013). The association between the consumption of UPF, poor quality diet and pro-inflammatory markers have important harmful effects that can be observed as early as in adolescence.
Highlights
A linear regression model was used to assess the association between inflammatory markers adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and C-reactive protein (CRP) and tertiles of ultra-processed foods (UPF) intake
Adolescents with UPF energy consumption ≥30·0 % had a 79 % (exp (0·58) = 1·79) increase in IL-8 levels when compared with adolescents in tertile 1 of UPF
In this study carried out in adolescents, over 25 % of energy intake originated from UPF (26·2 %)
Summary
Studies have associated higher plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers and dietary patterns based on processed food and UPF or isolated nutrients (simple carbohydrates, saturated fat, trans fats and fibres)(14,15). No studies have investigated the relationship between UPF consumption and inflammatory markers in adolescents. Because changes in inflammatory markers may be predictors of chronic non-communicable diseases, it is of great importance to study their associated factors such as food consumption.
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