Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To systematize literature references addressing the association of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and milk intake with body mass index (BMI) in adolescents. Data source: A search was carried out in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health) and BVS (Virtual Library in Health). The descriptors used were: adolescents, young adult, beverages, drinking, obesity, overweight, BMI, and nutritional status. The following filters were applied: age ranging from 10 to 19 years, studies published in Portuguese or English language between 2011-2015. Data synthesis: Thirty studies were selected (22 cross-sectional studies, 4 cohort studies, 1 randomized clinical trial, 1 case-control study, and 1 quasi-experimental study). There was association between the intake of these beverages and increase in BMI in 55% of all 20 studies that dealt with sugary drinks. When it came to soft drinks, 100% of studies reported association with increase in BMI. As to milk intake, only one article showed association with increased BMI. Three articles reported milk as a protection factor against increase in BMI; three studies found no association between this intake and BMI. Nineteen studies had representative samples and 20 surveys reported random samples. Among papers using questionnaires, 84% had been validated. Conclusions: There is no consensus in the literature about the association between SSB or milk intake and BMI in adolescents.
Highlights
Over the last decades, the world — Brazil included — has seen changes in food and nutritional patterns, which has resulted in increased obesity and reduced malnutrition rates
After reading of titles and abstracts, the following exclusion criteria were applied to 353 articles: pregnant women, alcoholic beverages, case reports, and literature reviews
Though, that research on this topic is fundamental to discuss the association between body mass index (BMI) and the intake of these beverages
Summary
The world — Brazil included — has seen changes in food and nutritional patterns, which has resulted in increased obesity and reduced malnutrition rates. Among other foods and beverages consumed by the population, a greater intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages has been seen. Among environmental causes of obesity in adolescence, changes in their nutritional pattern motivated by political and economic transformations are pointed out and occur in all nations. The strong trend towards consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and beverages is broad. The international literature on the topic includes papers addressing soft drinks, sweetened juices, powdered juices, boxed juices, sports drinks, water, sweetened tea and energy drinks fitted within the category of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB).. The excessive intake of this type of beverage is one of the main factors contributing to the obesity epidemic in Brazil and across the world. The international literature on the topic includes papers addressing soft drinks, sweetened juices, powdered juices, boxed juices, sports drinks, water, sweetened tea and energy drinks fitted within the category of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB). The excessive intake of this type of beverage is one of the main factors contributing to the obesity epidemic in Brazil and across the world.
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