Abstract
In depth understanding of the dietary patterns of individuals with obesity is needed in practice and research, in order to support dietitians and physicians in the design and implementation of nutritional management. We aimed to analyze the consistency of energy, macro-, and micronutrient reported intakes in four non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls from 388 adults with obesity using information collected in the NutriGen Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02837367). Significant decreases were identified for reported energy and several, macro- and micronutrient intakes, between the first and subsequent 24-h recalls. Significant differences of reported intakes were identified in sensitivity analyses, suggesting that the first recall (also the only one performed on site, face-to-face) might be a point of bias. A comparison of the differences in intakes between weekend and weekday, after adjustment for false discovery rate were non-statistically significant either in male, females, or in total. To overcome this potential bias, studies should be carefully conducted, starting from the design phase, through to the analysis and interpretation phases of the study. Prior to averaging specific intakes across all sessions of reporting, a preliminary analysis must be conducted to identify if a certain time point had significant differences from all other time points and overview potential sources of bias: reporting bias, training bias, or behavioral changes could be responsible for such differences.
Highlights
Three issues were considered: (1) If a systematic bias exists in the reported values of one specific ordered recall, and this bias cannot be ascertained to other known factors, should this recall be included in further analyses? (2) If this specific second recall is eliminated from the calculations, how does this change the reported energy and nutrient intakes that are considered further in the subsequent analyses? Our study suggests that the exclusion of the recall identified with order-specific bias would significantly change the reported intakes, and this could potentially create further methodological issues when intake data would be used for further analyses (Table 4); and (3) Could these differences be seen in the context of switching between face-to-face acquisition of intake and telephone interview?
In order to improve the overall quality of ordered 24-h recalls used to capture the energy and nutrient intakes and to reduce the error observed between ordered 24-h recalls, our study suggested the possibility of systematic differences in the reported intakes for energy and macronutrients, which can be specific between recalls, with the first recall having potentially higher estimates for some nutrients and energy intakes
This study identified that adults with obesity reported different energy and nutrient intakes between session 1, and sessions 2 and 4, respectively
Summary
Twenty-four hour dietary recalls provide metrics of estimated food intake, necessary for studies that link nutrient intake to diseases or other health-related outcomes. The multiple pass 24-h recall method used for estimating food intake has been proven to be a reliable method for the estimation of nutritional intakes in individuals with obesity [1,2]. Several 24-h recalls are needed, in order to provide sufficient time to capture intraindividual intake variations. The recommended number of 24-h recalls varies, depending on the outcome of the study, ranging from a minimum of two (for the comparison of protein and potassium intake between European countries [3]) to a maximum of 10–15 days when assessing comprehensive diets across a six month period [4]. Jackson et al.l [5] suggested a maximum of eight 24-h recalls in an overweight and obese population, in order to reduce random errors
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
