Abstract
To date, various human disease models in small fish—such as medaka (Oryzias lapties)—have been developed for medical and pharmacological studies. Although genetic and environmental homogeneities exist, disease progressions can show large individual differences in animal models. In this study, we established an intact in vivo angiographic approach and explored vascular networks in the telencephalon of wild-type adult medaka using the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Our approach, which required neither surgical operations nor labeling agents, allowed to visualize blood vessels in medaka telencephala as small as about 8 µm, that is, almost the size of the blood cells of medaka. Besides, we could show the three-dimensional microvascular distribution in the medaka telencephalon. Therefore, the intact in vivo imaging via optical coherence tomography can be used to perform follow-up studies on cerebrovascular alterations in metabolic syndrome and their associations with neurodegenerative disease models in medaka.
Highlights
To date, various human disease models in small fish—such as medaka (Oryzias lapties)—have been developed for medical and pharmacological studies
We visualized in vivo the dark thread-like branched structures in adult medaka telencephala by using the SD-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) following an intact approach (Fig. 1)
Comparing the cross-sectional OCT images with the corresponding histological sections of the brain of the same subject, we found that blood vessels with red blood cells in the histological sections had almost the same morphological features of the dark thread-like structures in the OCT images (Figs. 2, 3)
Summary
Various human disease models in small fish—such as medaka (Oryzias lapties)—have been developed for medical and pharmacological studies. The intact in vivo imaging via optical coherence tomography can be used to perform follow-up studies on cerebrovascular alterations in metabolic syndrome and their associations with neurodegenerative disease models in medaka. In vivo cerebrovascular imaging in small fish models following disease development could be useful to understand mechanisms between metabolic syndrome and cerebral disorders. Due to their transparency, the early developmental stages of these fish can be observed with stereo and confocal microscopy. Applying these agents to small fish is complex and time-consuming but may change the natural physiological processes of fish Another in vivo imaging technique would be necessary to thoroughly investigate cerebrovascular changes and disease progression
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