Abstract

Insuring Maltese Youth Soccer: The First-Year Experience

Highlights

  • Reports from 2005 suggest that the organisms residing in the oral microbiome and their genomes are critical to health and disease [1,2]

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional comparative study using a collection of 50 Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto oral isolates defined by conventional phenotypic methods, and molecular methods

  • We used an strain of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 as positive control for the run, because it has been declared a pathogen according to the criteria of the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute) [34], in addition to the 50 isolates of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto taken from different sites in the oral mucosa and subgingival niches

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Summary

Introduction

Reports from 2005 suggest that the organisms residing in the oral microbiome and their genomes are critical to health and disease [1,2]. In 2010, the first paper was published determining fungal microbiota in healthy humans by using independent culture approaches based on the analysis of the ITS region (fungal internal transcriptional spacer) It reported that, under the study conditions, the oral cavity would be colonized by over 70 fungal genera, with Candida being the most prevalent, having been isolated from 75% of participants. In the past ten years, some studies have reported greater frequency of recovery of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species in oral mucosa Such is the case of Candida parapsilosis, whose frequency of isolation in that niche has increased from 10% in 1996 [3] to 15.0% in 2010 [9], 15.4% in 2011 [10], and 25.0 - 80.0% in 2017 [16,17]. Among the local and/or systemic factors which have been reported as associated to this shift in the oral distribution of Candida species are the use of prosthetic devices [13], old age [18], old people with low body mass index [19], oncological patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy [20,21], diabetics with poor metabolic control

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