Abstract
This paper examines the relationships among political violence, the growth and development of an insurgency, and the state's decision to use repressive policies. We present two different cases of 20th century: Cuba between 1933 and 1959, and the Basque Separatist Movement in Spain from 1939 to the present. While the insurgency in Cuba resulted in the overthrow of the Batista government, in the Basque country of Spain the continuing conflict has produced a stalemate. Using the Power Legitimacy Transition (PLT) framework, the main argument examined in this paper is that political violence and its outcomes were related to (a) the level of intolerance of the state and some social groups towards the demands of other social groups, (b) the existence of large social, economic and political inequality, and (c) the stage of development of democratic institutions.
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